Issue Avicenna presented his "flying man" or "floating man" argument as a means to establish the existence of the soul, its immaterial nature, and its distinctiveness from the body. While originally conceived with an ontological focus, subsequent scholars have often employed this concept in an epistemological context, asserting that Avicenna’s flying man not only exists, but also knows that he exists. Such an interpretation of the flying man argument seems to be at odds with his own principles, his passages throughout his works, and what he pursued to establish through this scenario. Method Deploying a descriptive and analytical method, it may be said that Findings: Avicenna believes that perception begins from senses, and the first stage of the human reason is material or hylic reason or pure potentiality. Moreover, there is a difference between consciousness (shuʿūr) that is actually obtained by humans since the beginning of their existence and consciousness of consciousness (al-shuʿūr bi-l-shuʿūr), which he believes to be a potential character that needs to be acquired, while our primary consciousness of the soul is the existence of our soul. Thus, the flying man is solely the existence and presence of the soul before any actual consciousness. Results In view of the fact that man was suspended in space at the beginning of his creation and Ibn Sina considers the human soul to be the event of the body and in the order of the beast intellect and pure power, which lacks any perception and becomes actual through sensory perception, it should be said : The human being suspended in Ibn Sina's space can have an existential quality and in fact, he is observing the position of presence, existence, and mere existence. In addition, Ibn Sina, emphasizing the two positions of consciousness and consciousness to consciousness, believes that consciousness is actually and permanently suspended in man, but consciousness to consciousness is potential in him. Therefore, it seems that the soul at the beginning of creation, although it is present and proven, but it cannot be said that it has knowledge of itself; That is, the soul initially lacks attention to itself, and this lack of attention prevents any self-perception of the soul. Innovation: In fact, regarding "Avicenna's suspended human being in space", it can only be said that "a human being is conscious (without any actual awareness)", but it cannot be said: "In addition, because this human being is conscious, he knows that he is like this." ».

What role did Avicenna play in the evolution of philosophical thought regarding the recognition of presential knowledge? The clearest example of presential knowledge is human awareness of their own essence (self-awareness), and Avicenna used this self-awareness as the basis for his argument to prove the soul in the "suspended man" argument. However, what type of knowledge is this self-awareness: presential or acquired? Avicenna's statements about this self-awareness sometimes suggest it is presential knowledge and sometimes align with it being acquired knowledge. This article, using a descriptive, analytical, and critical method, examines and analyzes his statements, especially in the book "Mubahathat," where he defends the suspended man argument and addresses questions related to self-awareness. The aim is to clarify the connection between his concept of self-awareness and presential knowledge and to determine the position of his teachings on self-awareness in the development of the division of knowledge into presential and acquired in Islamic philosophy. The result of this research is that Avicenna's concept of self-awareness should be considered presential knowledge, even though he did not use this term and sometimes explained it using terms and concepts related to acquired knowledge. Therefore, he can be regarded as the pioneer in drawing philosophers' attention to this type of knowledge in the history of Islamic philosophy.

This paper offers a new reading of Avicenna’s al-Ishārāt wa-l-Tanbīhāt. It argues that this work, despite its brevity, is not a mere summary of Avicenna’s philosophy but rather his attempt to present a distinctive “pre-physics” or a purely rational metaphysics. In al-Ishārāt, Avicenna deliberately engages with philosophical questions that can be addressed solely by rational analysis, without recourse to empirical observation or the study of nature. Thus, logic and physics in this work serve primarily as methodological foundations for a metaphysics established a priori. The metaphysical discussions in al-Ishārāt include topics such as self-awareness, the proof of the Necessary Existent, its attributes, and its acts. Within this framework, the thought experiment of the “Flying Man” plays a central role in grounding Avicenna’s rationalist epistemology and his pre-natural metaphysics. Beginning in the third namat, Avicenna articulates his rationalist approach, which develops into a metaphysical system encompassing the proof of the Necessary Existent, its attributes, its immediate causation, and the emanative order of intellects and celestial spheres. In the later namats, Avicenna also discusses human felicity, which he identifies with the perfection of the Flying Man or the intellect in its disembodied state.

Honeybee, a small -although powerful- creature moves from one place to another to make an elixir, which cures different diseases. To make one kilogram of honey the small creature has to carry 150000 pieces of pollen and suck the sap of ten million flowers. Both honey and the honeybee poison have been used in treating diseases for thousands of years. The product made by such tiny creatures has been adored by the peoples of different lands and the divine books of different religions have appreciated honey. The traditional medicine books recommend honey for treating diseases such as toothache, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, malnutrition, healing wounds, and so on. Honeybee poison has been advised for treating rheumatic diseases and arthritis and so forth. Recent studies have shown that poison of the honeybee is a complicated jumble of enzymes, proteins and amino acids, while honey contains different minerals such as calcium, sulfur, potassium, manganese, and phosphorous. Honey also contains different amino acids, vitamins and sugar. This article presents the cases where honeybee poison is used in traditional medicine and the researches conducted on honey and poison of honeybee during recent years.

In the today’s industrialized world, production is seen as a competitive weapon and manufacturing although the products should be of high quality, they stay on market for only a short time, and should be replaced with the products which are more compatible with the latest customers’ tastes and needs. Neglecting the customers’ needs and on-time delivery of the goods would be pricey for companies. The above conditions resulted in the fact that the information and the manufacturing information systems are of a very high value for the manufacturing organizations. The main objective of the present research is to analyze Barez Tires’ manufacturing information system and evaluating its effectiveness. To assess the indicators of relevance, accuracy, safety, economic feasibility, appropriate figure, and the ability of being usable in decision making, the researcher’s questionnaire was used. The population of the research includes all users of Barez Tires’ manufacturing information system. Because of the small number of population of the research the sampling method is census study. The research method is descriptive-survey. The results of the research suggest that upper intermediate level manufacturing information system is efficient and it was relatively able to attract the satisfaction of users.

Avicenna and Descartes believe that self-consciousness is an immediate perception resulted from a kind of introspection. However, in Avecenian philosophy, a distinction is drawn between two levels of self-consciousness i. e. first order and second order self-consciousness and it is stipulated that second order self-consciousness is potential task governed by intellect. In this view, it is also asserted that every potential requires an external agent to actualize. Thus, it is concluded that in Avecenian view, human intellect can only develop into self-consciousness while illuminated by active intellect. Therefore, human intellect even for gaining immediate consciousness of self stands in the need of illumination by active intellect. However, Descartes basically rejects the role of supreme causes in self-consciousness. This apparently subtle distinction between the views has resulted in totally different conclusion by the two philosophers.

The growth and use of smartphones have become a pervasive issue in many countries. On the other hand, one of the new and applied technologies that have been able to attract many enthusiasts is the civilian vertical drones or multi-rotors. The diverse and sometimes unique capabilities of flying robots (unmanned aerial vehicles) compared to manned aircraft, along with the much lower operating costs of these devices, have increased the exploitation and development of new applications of flying robots in recent years. One way to develop and implement flying robots for the general public is to reduce the cost of flying robots, making them accessible and easy to use without special training for these devices; The proposed solution for this issue is the development of mobile-based flying robots.

Prediction of hydrodynamic loads during water impact is of great significance in the structural design of flying vehicles. Also the importance of the slam force of waves on the members of offshore structures cannot be overemphasized. No theoretical tool is available to handle this complicated phenomenon exactly and the experimental procedures in the laboratory are both time-consuming and expensive.In this paper, a computer program based on the VOF method is applied to evaluate the water impact outcome in a real situation. To asses the capabilities of the CFD code, two classical problems including water impact of a wedge and a circular cylinder traveling at constant speeds are studied. In a real situation the descend velocity is decreased by the impact loads known as "deceleration effect". This change in speed is taken into account in an iterative procedure and the flow field around the base of a WIG craft is computed. All flow field computations in this study include the effects of viscosity, turbulence, gravity and surface tension. The comparison of results with experimental data shows the efficiency and correctness of this straightforward iterative method.

In Gilaki language, propositions like, "var / vir, virja, bija" are used to transfer the meaning "near, beside, with, by side of. . . ". These propositions, in addition to concept "place", also signify the concept of accompaniment. This paper is an attempt to investigate the core meaning of var, its semantic changes and the process of its grammaticalization using the data from Avestan and Middle Persian. Var's relationship with virja and bija is also discussed. Gilaki language’ s data is provided by Rastorgueva et al. (2012) and some local poems. Var in Gilaki, is derived from varah in Avestan and war in Middle Persian (= chest). As the result of metonymic use of language, this word has got some meanings like "beside, with, by the side of … ". By passing time, it has been used to point out the space around human, which is under his control. It is shown that this proposition is merged with the preposition ja / je and the result is the formation of the preposition virja. Since the core meaning of "var" signifies the human body and in categorical metaphor's model, human bodies associated with object-person category, these propositions also include the semantic feature of accompaniment. Moreover, the infinitive "manestan" (to resemble), have changed into proposition in the noun phrase constructions.

The financial crisis of 2007-2008 has been the subject of research in different ways. The role of quantitative models and mathematical theories in the occurrence of this crisis and the other complications that such models cause in financial markets is the main theme of the book “, Lecturing Birds on Flying”, . By explaining the role of the educational system in creating a gap between theory and practice and the role of Quants in promoting and applying quantitative and computational models, the author gives a different account of the causes of financial crises. In this article, while examining the form and content of this work, by analyzing the theme as well as textual analysis techniques, the most important themes of this work as well as its foundations and place in the texts of financial knowledge are reviewed. Criticism of models such as value at risk, option pricing model, and copula functions has shown their contribution to bankruptcies and crises and has suggested that reform of the management and economics education system would make the financial models more realistic.